Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Striley C[original query] |
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Hepatitis D-associated hospitalizations in the United States: 2010-2018
Wasuwanich P , Striley CW , Kamili S , Teshale EH , Seaberg EC , Karnsakul W . J Viral Hepat 2022 29 (3) 218-226 In the U.S., hepatitis D is not a reportable condition, leading to gaps in epidemiological and clinical knowledge. We aim to estimate the incidence of hepatitis D-associated hospitalizations in the U.S. and describe the clinical, demographic, and geographic characteristics of those hospitalizations.We utilized hospitalization data from the 2010-2018 National Inpatient Sample fro m the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Hepatitis D and hepatitis B only (HBV only) hospitalizations were identified by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. We identified 3,825 hepatitis D-associated hospitalizations. The hospitalization rate of hepatitis D was between 6.9 to 20.7 per 10,000,000 but did not change significantly over time. Compared to HBV only, the hepatitis D cohort had a greater proportion of males, Hispanics, hospitalizations in the Northeast region. The hepatitis D-associated hospitalizations also had significantly greater frequencies of liver failure, non-alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and thrombocytopenia. While mortality in hepatitis D was similar to that of HBV only, age >65 years (OR=3.79; p=0.020) and having a diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis (OR=3.37; p=0.044) increased the odds of mortality within the hepatitis D cohort. Although the hepatitis D-associated hospitalizations were relatively uncommon, they were associated with severe complications. |
Airborne contaminants during controlled residential fires
Fent KW , Evans DE , Babik K , Striley C , Bertke S , Kerber S , Smith D , Horn GP . J Occup Environ Hyg 2018 15 (5) 1-34 In this study, we characterize the area and personal air concentrations of combustion byproducts produced during controlled residential fires with furnishings common in 21(st) century single family structures. Area air measurements were collected from the structure during active fire and overhaul (post suppression) and on the fireground where personnel were operating without any respiratory protection. Personal air measurements were collected from firefighters assigned to fire attack, victim search, overhaul, outside ventilation, and command/pump operator positions. Two different fire attack tactics were conducted for the fires (6 interior and 6 transitional) and exposures were compared between the tactics. For each of the 12 fires, firefighters were paired up to conduct each job assignment, except for overhaul that was conducted by four firefighters. Sampled compounds included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs e.g., benzene), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and particulate (area air sampling only). Median personal air concentrations for the attack and search firefighters were generally well above applicable short-term occupational exposure limits, with the exception of HCN measured from search firefighters. Area air concentrations of all measured compounds decreased after suppression. Personal air concentrations of total PAHs and benzene measured from some overhaul firefighters exceeded exposure limits. Median personal air concentrations of HCN (16,300 ppb) exceeded the exposure limit for outside vent firefighters, with maximum levels (72,900 ppb) higher than the immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) level. Median air concentrations on the fireground (including particle count) were above background levels and highest when collected downwind of the structure and when ground-level smoke was the heaviest. No statistically significant differences in personal air concentrations were found between the two attack tactics. The results underscore the importance of wearing self-contained breathing apparatus when conducting overhaul or outside ventilation activities. Firefighters should also try to establish command upwind of the structure fire, and if this cannot be done, respiratory protection should be considered. |
Emergency response in a global health crisis: epidemiology, ethics, and Ebola application
Salerno J , Hlaing WM , Weiser T , Striley C , Schwartz L , Angulo FJ , Neslund VS . Ann Epidemiol 2016 26 (4) 234-7 PURPOSE: The link between ethics and epidemiology can go unnoticed in contemporary gatherings of professional epidemiologists or trainees at conferences and workshops, as well as in teaching. Our goal is to provide readers with information about the activities of the College and to provide a broad perspective on a recent major issue in epidemiology. METHODS: The Ethics Committee of the American College of Epidemiology (ACE) presented a plenary session at the 2015 Annual Meeting in Atlanta, GA, on the complexities of ethics and epidemiology in the context of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus disease outbreak and response in West Africa. This article presents a summary and further discussion of that plenary session. RESULTS: Three main topic areas were presented: clinical trials and ethics in public health emergencies, public health practice, and collaborative work. A number of key ethical concepts were highlighted and discussed in relation to Ebola and the ACE Ethics Guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The Ebola virus disease outbreak is an example of a public health humanitarian crisis from which we hope to better understand the role of professional epidemiologists in public health practice and research and recognize ethical challenges epidemiologists faced. |
Assessment of exposure to PACs in asphalt workers: measurement of urinary PACs and their metabolites with an ELISA kit
Smith JP , Biagini RE , Johnson BC , Olsen LD , Mackenzie BA , Robertson SA , Sammons DL , Striley CAF , Walker CV , Snawder JE . Polycycl Aromat Compd 2011 31 (4) 270-285 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit made for determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in water was adapted for measuring PACs and their metabolites in urine. This method was then applied to a pilot asphalt worker PAC exposure study. Currently, liquid-liquid extraction with gas chromatography/isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) is the preferred method to determine urinary PAC metabolites. Although sensitive and specific, GC/HRMS is time consuming and costly. The ELISA method had a range from 14-720 ng/ml 1-hydroxypyrene equivalents with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 14 ng/ml urine. ELISA and GC/HRMS PAC metabolite measurements had a statistically significant correlation and the PAC ELISA results were indicative of potential asphalt exposure. PAC ELISA is promising as a more rapid and less costly routine method for determining worker exposure to PACs in asphalt emissions. |
Use of direct reading surface sampling methods for site characterization and remediation of methamphetamine contaminated properties
Snawder JE , Striley CAF , Esswein EJ , Hessel J , Sammons DL , Robertson SA , Johnson BC , MacKenzie BA , Smith JP , Walker CV . J ASTM Int 2011 8 (6) JAI103481 Residual methamphetamine contamination in clandestine laboratories represents a hazard to emergency response personnel, remediation workers and the general public. To address this threat, two rapid, sensitive surface sampling techniques to assess the location and level of methamphetamine contamination were developed. Both methods employ established industrial hygiene surface sampling materials (wipes and swabs) but differ in their sensitivity and detection technology. One method, based on colorimetric disclosure, detects and confirms a collected sample or visible residues. The second method uses a lateral flow immunochemical assay (LFIA) for semi-quantitative detection of trace contamination. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with public health agencies to develop applications of the methods for assessment of methamphetamine contamination of suspected properties. These applications focused on safe strategies for site assessment, hazard characterization, and remediation effectiveness. To conduct the field studies, NIOSH researchers and their partners visited more than a dozen suspected laboratories including mobile labs, abandoned properties, occupied residences, and motel rooms. NIOSH found greater than 95% agreement between positive identification of the presence of methamphetamine by LFIA and laboratory-based, liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC- MS) methods. Test results were used to develop site assessments and make personal protective equipment recommendations. Results were also used to conduct process-based decontamination of properties and to make health-based decisions on remediation, re-occupancy of residences, as well as determine the degree of contamination of personal property in an inactive clandestine laboratory. By partnering with stakeholders, NIOSH was able to achieve two primary goals: (1) to develop a level of awareness in health department sanitarians, law enforcement personnel and other first responders that methamphetamine surface contamination was a potentially significant route of exposure; (2) to validate our methods in the field and to develop protocols for proper use and interpretation of the results. |
Comparison of immunoassay and HPLC-MS/MS used to measure urinary metabolites of atrazine, metolachlor, and chlorpyrifos from farmers and non-farmers in Iowa
Curwin BD , Hein MJ , Barr DB , Striley C . J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2010 20 (2) 205-12 Urine samples were collected from 51 participants in a study investigating pesticide exposure among farm families in Iowa. Aliquots from the samples were sent to two different labs and analyzed for metabolites of atrazine (atrazine mercapturate), metolachlor (metolachlor mercapturate) and chlorpyrifos (TCP) by two different analytical methods: immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). HPLC-MS/MS methods tend to be highly specific, but are costly and time consuming. Immunoassay methods are cheaper and faster, but can be less sensitive due to cross reactivity and matrix effects. Three statistical methods were employed to compare the two analytical methods. Each statistical method differed in how the samples that had results below the limit of detection (LOD) were treated. The first two methods involved an imputation procedure and the third method used maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). A fourth statistical method that modeled each lab separately using MLE was used for comparison. The immunoassay and HPLC-MS/MS methods were moderately correlated (correlation 0.40-0.49), but the immunoassay methods consistently had significantly higher geometric mean (GM) estimates for each pesticide metabolite. The GM estimates for atrazine mercapturate, metolachlor mercapturate, and TCP by immunoassay ranged from 0.16-0.98 microg l(-1), 0.24-0.45 microg l(-1) and 14-14 microg l(-1), respectively and by HPLC-MS/MS ranged from 0.0015-0.0039 microg l(-1), 0.12-0.16 microg l(-1), and 2.9-3.0 microg l(-1), respectively. Immunoassays tend to be cheaper and faster than HPLC-MS/MS, however, they may result in an upward bias of urinary pesticide metabolite levels. |
Measurement of methamphetamine on surfaces using surface plasmon resonance
Smith JP , Martin A , Sammons DL , Striley C , Biagini R , Quinn J , Cope R , Snawder JE . Toxicol Mech Methods 2009 19 416-21 Field methods are needed to assess the contamination of surfaces by methamphetamine from illicit drug manufacturing. This study performed a feasibility study on the use of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based instrument (SensiQ Discovery) in the evaluation of surface contamination by methamphetamine. The main goal was to see if the method could be sensitive enough for field measurements. A competitive immunochemical assay was developed for the instrument which was able to measure methamphetamine at 9 ng/ml with a range of 9-250 ng/ml. Methamphetamine was spiked onto ceramic tiles and the assay was able to detect methamphetamine contamination at 25 ng/100 cm(2), which is below the 50 ng/100 cm(2) standard used for surface cleanup assessment. The instrument is compact and mobile and is sensitive enough for use for measurement of methamphetamine on surfaces, so it is a candidate for a field method for methamphetamine surface contamination. Its use for this application will require further development of the instrument to make it more convenient to use. Also further evaluation of ruggedness and use of the instrument under various environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity are needed to define conditions under which the instrument can be employed in field measurements. |
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